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<div id="dev-warning" class="admonition note">
  <p class="first admonition-title">Notice</p>
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  <section id="cephfs">
<span id="cephfs-mount-using-kernel-driver"></span><h1>用内核驱动挂载 CephFS<a class="headerlink" href="#cephfs" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>CephFS 内核驱动程序是 Linux 内核的一部分。它可以将 CephFS
按普通文件系统进行挂载，并能达到原生内核性能。它是大多数用例的首选客户端。</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>现在挂载 CephFS 设备的字符串使用新语法(“v2”)。挂载辅助程序可向后兼容旧语法、内核也向后兼容旧语法。
这意味着使用较新的挂载辅助程序和内核仍然能支持旧语法。</p>
</div>
<section id="id1">
<h2>前提条件<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<section id="id2">
<h3>完成通用的前提条件<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>按照<a class="reference external" href="../mount-prerequisites">挂载 CephFS ：前提条件</a>页面所述，先完成内核和 FUSE 挂载所需的先决条件。</p>
</section>
<section id="id3">
<h3>是否有挂载辅助程序？<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mount.ceph</span></code> 辅助程序是随 Ceph 软件包安装的。辅助程序会传入监视器地址和
CephX 用户密钥环，这样 Ceph 管理员就不必在挂载 CephFS 时明确指定这些细节。
如果客户端计算机上没有辅助程序，仍然可以用内核驱动挂载 CephFS ，
但必须向 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mount</span></code> 命令明确传递这些细节。
要检查系统中是否有 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mount.ceph</span></code> 程序，执行以下命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><style type="text/css">
span.prompt1:before {
  content: "# ";
}
</style><span class="prompt1">stat<span class="w"> </span>/sbin/mount.ceph</span>
</pre></div></div></section>
<section id="id4">
<h3>哪个内核版本？<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>由于内核客户端是作为 Linux 内核的一部分发布的（不是随打包的
Ceph 二进制包发布），所以你得考虑客户端节点用哪个内核版本。
已知比较老的内核所带的 Ceph 客户端有诸多缺陷，而且不一定支持近期
Ceph 集群所支持的功能。</p>
<p>需要注意的是， Linux 发行版的稳定分支里的“最新”内核可能会比最新的上游 Linux 内核晚好几年，而 Ceph 的开发是与上游内核同步的（包括缺陷修订）。</p>
<p>粗略地算，从 Ceph 10.x (Jewel) 起，你最好用 4.x 以上的内核。
如果不得不用更老的内核，那你应该用 fuse 客户端，不要用内核客户端。</p>
<p>如果你的 Linux 发行版提供额外的 CephFS 技术支持，那就另当别论了，
这时候发行者会负责把修订补丁移植到他们的稳定版内核：请与厂商核实。</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="id5">
<h2>提纲<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>通常，用内核驱动挂载 CephFS 的命令格式如下：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">mount<span class="w"> </span>-t<span class="w"> </span>ceph<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">{</span>device-string<span class="o">}</span>:<span class="o">{</span>path-to-mounted<span class="o">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">{</span>mount-point<span class="o">}</span><span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">{</span>key-value-args<span class="o">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">{</span>other-args<span class="o">}</span></span>
</pre></div></div></section>
<section id="id6">
<h2>挂载 CephFS<a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Ceph 集群默认启用了 CephX 认证。用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mount</span></code> 命令通过内核驱动程序挂载 CephFS：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">mkdir<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/mycephfs</span>
<span class="prompt1">mount<span class="w"> </span>-t<span class="w"> </span>ceph<span class="w"> </span>&lt;name&gt;@&lt;fsid&gt;.&lt;fs_name&gt;<span class="o">=</span>/<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/mycephfs</span>
</pre></div></div><ol class="arabic">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> 是我们挂载 CephFS 时使用的 CephX 用户名。</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fsid</span></code> 是 Ceph 集群的 FSID ，可以用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ceph</span> <span class="pre">fsid</span></code> 找到。
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fs_name</span></code> 是要挂载的文件系统。内核驱动要求有一个 Ceph 监视器的地址、
和 CephX 用户的密钥。例如：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">mount<span class="w"> </span>-t<span class="w"> </span>ceph<span class="w"> </span>cephuser@b3acfc0d-575f-41d3-9c91-0e7ed3dbb3fa.cephfs<span class="o">=</span>/<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">mon_addr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">192</span>.168.0.1:6789,secret<span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">AQATSKdNGBnwLhAAnNDKnH65FmVKpXZJVasUeQ</span><span class="o">==</span></span>
</pre></div></div></li>
</ol>
<p>使用 mount 辅助程序时，监视器主机和 FSID 是可选项。 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mount.ceph</span></code> 辅助程序会查找和读取 ceph 配置文件来发现这些细节信息。例如：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">mount<span class="w"> </span>-t<span class="w"> </span>ceph<span class="w"> </span>cephuser@.cephfs<span class="o">=</span>/<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">secret</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">AQATSKdNGBnwLhAAnNDKnH65FmVKpXZJVasUeQ</span><span class="o">==</span></span>
</pre></div></div><div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>注意，点（ <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cephuser&#64;.cephfs</span></code> 字符串里的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span></code> ）
是设备字符串里必不可少的一部分。</p>
</div>
<p>这种方法的弱点是会把密钥留在 shell 的命令历史中。
为避免这种情况，可将密钥复制到一个文件中，
然后用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">secretfile</span></code> 选项代替 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">secret</span></code> ，传递这个文件。例如：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">mount<span class="w"> </span>-t<span class="w"> </span>ceph<span class="w"> </span>cephuser@.cephfs<span class="o">=</span>/<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/mycephfs<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">secretfile</span><span class="o">=</span>/etc/ceph/cephuser.secret</span>
</pre></div></div><p>确保这个密钥文件的权限正确（最好是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">600</span></code> ）。</p>
<p>可以传入多个监视器主机，用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code> 分隔地址：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">mount<span class="w"> </span>-t<span class="w"> </span>ceph<span class="w"> </span>cephuser@.cephfs<span class="o">=</span>/<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/mycephfs<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
<span class="nv">mon_addr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">192</span>.168.0.1:6789/192.168.0.2:6789,secretfile<span class="o">=</span>/etc/ceph/cephuser.secret</span>
</pre></div></div><p>如果禁用了 CephX ，忽略所有与凭证相关的选项即可，例如：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">mount<span class="w"> </span>-t<span class="w"> </span>ceph<span class="w"> </span>cephuser@.cephfs<span class="o">=</span>/<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/mycephfs</span>
</pre></div></div><div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>必须传入 Ceph 用户名，放在设备字符串里。</p>
</div>
<p>要想挂载 CephFS 根的一个子树，把路径加到设备字符串后面即可：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">mount</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="n">ceph</span> <span class="n">cephuser</span><span class="o">@.</span><span class="n">cephfs</span><span class="o">=/</span><span class="n">subvolume</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dir1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dir2</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mnt</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mycephfs</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">o</span> <span class="n">secretfile</span><span class="o">=/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">ceph</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cephuser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">secret</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="id7">
<h2>向后兼容性<a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>为保持向后兼容，旧语法还支持着。</p>
<p>要用内核驱动挂载 CephFS ，执行以下命令：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">mkdir<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/mycephfs</span>
<span class="prompt1">mount<span class="w"> </span>-t<span class="w"> </span>ceph<span class="w"> </span>:/<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/mycephfs<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">name</span><span class="o">=</span>admin</span>
</pre></div></div><p>选项 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-o</span></code> 后面的键值参数是 CephX 凭据，
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> 是挂载 CephFS 的 CephX 用户名。</p>
<p>要想挂载非默认 FS （本例中为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cephfs2</span></code> ），执行以下形式的命令。
这些命令适用于集群有多个文件系统的情形：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">mount<span class="w"> </span>-t<span class="w"> </span>ceph<span class="w"> </span>:/<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/mycephfs<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">name</span><span class="o">=</span>admin,fs<span class="o">=</span>cephfs2</span>
</pre></div></div><p>或者</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">mount<span class="w"> </span>-t<span class="w"> </span>ceph<span class="w"> </span>:/<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/mycephfs<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">name</span><span class="o">=</span>admin,mds_namespace<span class="o">=</span>cephfs2</span>
</pre></div></div><div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mds_namespace</span></code> 选项废弃了，按旧语法挂载时改用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fs=</span></code> 。</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="id8">
<h2>卸载 CephFS<a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>要卸载 Ceph 文件系统，用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unmount</span></code> 命令，实例：</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="prompt1">umount<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/mycephfs</span>
</pre></div></div><div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>执行此命令时确保你不在此文件系统的目录内。</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="id9">
<h2>永久挂载<a class="headerlink" href="#id9" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>要在文件系统表里用内核驱动挂载 CephFS ，把下列内容加入 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/fstab</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">@.</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">fs_name</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">=/</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">mount</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">mountpoint</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">ceph</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">mon_addr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">ipaddress</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="n">secret</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">secretkey</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">secretfile</span><span class="o">=/</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">to</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">secretfile</span><span class="p">],[{</span><span class="n">mount</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">}]</span>  <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">fs_freq</span><span class="p">}</span>  <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">fs_passno</span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>例如:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cephuser</span><span class="o">@.</span><span class="n">cephfs</span><span class="o">=/</span>     <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mnt</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">ceph</span>    <span class="n">ceph</span>    <span class="n">mon_addr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">192.168.0.1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">6789</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">noatime</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">_netdev</span>    <span class="mi">0</span>       <span class="mi">0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>如果未指定 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">secret</span></code> 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">secretfile</span></code> 选项， mount 辅助程序将尝试在配置的密钥环中为用户名 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> 查找它的密钥。</p>
<p>有关 CephX 用户管理的详细信息，参阅<a class="reference external" href="../../rados/operations/user-management/">用户管理</a>；
参阅 <a class="reference external" href="../../man/8/mount.ceph/">mount.ceph</a> 手册查看它支持的选项。
有关故障排除，参阅<a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/#kernel-mount-debugging"><span class="std std-ref">内核挂载的调试</span></a>。</p>
</section>
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  <p class="last">The Ceph Documentation is a community resource funded and hosted by the non-profit <a href="https://ceph.io/en/foundation/">Ceph Foundation</a>. If you would like to support this and our other efforts, please consider <a href="https://ceph.io/en/foundation/join/">joining now</a>.</p>
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